Frozen Shoulder and Diabetes

Medifit Active Rehabilitation Center

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Frozen shoulder or adhesive capsulitis is a disorder characterized by pain and stiffness in the shoulder area. This condition limits shoulder movement, sometimes even completely preventing it from moving. Frozen shoulder generally appears and worsens gradually, and can last for 1-3 years.

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The shoulder has a protective capsule made up of interconnected tissue. This capsule protects the bones, ligaments, and tendons of the shoulder. Frozen shoulder This occurs because scar tissue thickens and adheres the protective capsule around the shoulder joint, limiting shoulder movement. However, it is not yet known what causes this scar tissue to form.

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The research results showed that patients with diabetes experienced 27.51 times more shoulder pain than patients without diabetes (around 51 times more). American Diabetes Association (ADA), 10-20% individuals with diabetes experience frozen shoulder. The mechanism by which diabetes affects the occurrence of frozen shoulder has not been clearly identified. One theory suggests that diabetes causes microvascular damage and the formation of a product (Advanced Glycosylation End Products(AGEs) can alter the structure of collagen, tendons, and ligaments, making them stiff and weak. Furthermore, AGEs can induce inflammation.

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Frozen shoulder It can severely disrupt a sufferer's activities, especially when driving, dressing, and sleeping. Even simply scratching their back or reaching into their back pockets can be extremely difficult. In some people, symptoms tend to worsen, especially at night.

Symptom frozen shoulder generally develops slowly in three stages, each of which can last several months, namely:

• The first stage or freezing stage. The shoulder begins to hurt with every movement, and movement becomes limited. This period typically lasts 2-9 months.
• The second stage or frozen stage. The pain begins to subside, but the shoulder becomes increasingly stiff or tense, making it difficult to move. This period can last from four months to a year.
• The third stage or thawing stage. During this period, shoulder function and movement begin to improve. This stage generally occurs within 1 to 3 years.

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• Age over 40 years.
• Woman.
• Suffering from systemic diseases such as diabetes, Parkinson's disease, tuberculosis, heart disease, or thyroid hormone disorders (hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism).
• Being immobile for a long period of time due to stroke, arm fracture, post-operative recovery, or injury to the rotator cuff or muscles around the shoulder

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To date, there is no definitive way to prevent frozen shoulder. In diabetic patients, good blood sugar control can reduce the incidence of frozen shoulder. Physical exercise, including strengthening and stretching the muscles around the shoulder, as well as shoulder joint mobilization exercises, is highly recommended to speed the recovery process from pain and stiffness. Administering anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen can reduce pain and inflammation in the shoulder. Injections of steroids or hyaluronic acid into the tissue surrounding the shoulder joint can also help reduce inflammation, thus alleviating shoulder stiffness.

If you have complaints of pain in the area around your shoulder, it is recommended that you consult a sports medicine specialist to get comprehensive treatment.

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